Can fluctuations in ocean temepratures be predicted?

People in Peru have come to rely on cool, deep water to rise and bring nutrients to the surface. The small fish that are their livelihood eat the microscopic marine plants that use these nutrients. There are years where the cool, nutrient rich water comes to the surface, supporting enough fish for everyone. Some years there are hardly any fish. These years are tough on the coastal people who make their living from fishing. Can the fluctuations be predicted? Is Peru the only place where there are such fluctuations?

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